Glossary

• Aggregators

  The aggregator model refers to a business approach utilized by various enterprises in the e-commerce space, wherein such businesses gather information on specific goods and services from various competing sources in the market through their online platform.

• Artificial intelligence

  Artificial intelligence is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by humans and animals, which involves consciousness and emotionality.

• Behind-the-meter generation

  Behind-the-meter generation refers to a variety of technologies that generate electricity at or near where it will be used. There are several behind-the-meter generation technologies to choose from, including solar panels, batteries, gas or diesel generators, fuel cells, and combined heat and power systems. These systems help you control the amount of energy your business purchases from generation plants.

• Blockchain technology

  Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. A blockchain is essentially a digital ledger of transactions that is duplicated and distributed across the entire network of computer systems on the blockchain.

• Carbon credit

  A carbon credit is a tradable credit granted to a country, company, etc., for reducing emissions of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases by one metric ton below a specified quota.

• Carbon trading

  Emission trading for carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is the use of a marketplace to buy and sell credits that allow companies or other parties to emit a certain limited amount of these gases. It is an approach to limit climate change by creating a market with limited allowances for emissions. This can lower competitiveness of fossil fuels and accelerate investments into low carbon sources of energy such as solar PV.

• Cloud-based control systems

  A cloud-based access control system provides centralized management, visibility, and control without the cost and complexity of traditional physical access systems. Systems like Kisi software come equipped with centralized management, real-time updates, cloud wiring, diagnostics, and much more.

• Compound annual growth rate

  Compound annual growth rate is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period.

• Conventional power plants

  Conventional power plant is the general term applied to the production of electrical energy from coal, oil, or natural gas using the intermediary of steam. The generator is usually a synchronous machine having a small number of poles (two or four) and running at high speeds (1500–3600 rpm).

• Decarbonization

  Decarbonization is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions through the use of low carbon power sources, achieving a lower output of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere.

• Decentralization of the grid

  Typically decentralized energy generation capacities are connected to the power grid with central dispatch. So "decentralized" means "distributed" or "close to the customer".

• Digital data

  Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is the discrete, discontinuous representation of information or works. Numbers and letters are commonly used representations.

• Distributed energy resources (DER) / distributed generation / local generation

  A distributed energy resource (DER) is a small-scale unit of power generation that operates locally and is connected to a larger power grid at the distribution level. DERs include solar panels, small natural gas-fueled generators, electric vehicles and controllable loads, such as HVAC systems and electric water heaters. An important distinction of a DER is that the energy it produces is often consumed close to the source.

• Distribution infrastructure

  Transmission and distribution (T&D) infrastructure can be defined as the infrastructure required to deliver electricity from power plants to end-users.

• Distribution network

  Distribution networks carry power the last few miles from transmission or sub-transmission to consumers. Power is carried in distribution networks through wires either on poles or, in many urban areas, underground. Distribution networks are distinguished from transmission networks by their voltage level and topology.

• Edge computing

  Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm that brings computation and data storage closer to the location where it is needed to improve response times and save bandwidth.

• Electric mobility

  Electric mobility (or e-Mobility) represents the concept of using electric powertrain technologies, in-vehicle information, and communication technologies and connected infrastructures to enable the electric propulsion of vehicles and fleets.

• EV Chargers

  A charging station, also called electric vehicle charging station, electric recharging point, charging point, charge point, electronic charging station (ECS), and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), is a machine that supplies electric energy to charge plug-in electric vehicles—including cars, neighborhood electric vehicles, trucks, buses and others.

• Grid

  An electrical grid, electric grid or power grid, is an interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.

• Grid balancing

  Grid balancing is the term used to describe the task utility companies have of supplying the correct amount of electricity to the grid. With the recent influx of cheap renewable electricity to national power infrastructure, grid balancing has become increasingly important.

• Hybrid Microgrid

  Microgrid that combine renewable energy with diesel or gas generator sets and energy storage capabilities can deliver clean, cost-effective electricity to remote locations with limited or no access to reliable utility power.

• Immutable transaction chain

  Immutability can be defined as the ability of a blockchain ledger to remain unchanged, for a blockchain to remain unaltered and indelible. More succinctly, data in the blockchain cannot be altered. Each block of information, such as facts or transaction details, proceed using a cryptographic principle or a hash value.

• In-house entrepreneur

  An accomplished executive whom their firm is willing to back financially.

• Intelligent network

  The Intelligent Network is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks.

• Interference cancellation

  Self-interference cancellation is a signal processing technique that enables a radio transceiver to simultaneously transmit and receive on a single channel, a pair of partially-overlapping channels, or any pair of channels in the same frequency band.

• Internetworking

  To be able to connect, communicate, or exchange data.

• Interoperability

  The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.

• KWh

  The kilowatt-hour is a unit of energy equal to 3600 kilojoules. The kilowatt-hour is commonly used as a billing unit for energy delivered to consumers by electric utilities.

• LCA

  Life-cycle assessment or LCA is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life-cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. (Expand to full-form)

• Line losses

  The quantity that is lost during transmission and distribution of electricity across the electric grid is referred to as a line loss. Because the utility provider must purchase enough energy to cover your estimated consumption (including line loss amount), this loss gets divided and passed on to customers.

• Microgrid

  A microgrid is a decentralized group of electricity sources and loads that normally operates connected to and synchronous with the traditional wide area synchronous grid, but can also disconnect to "island mode" and function autonomously as physical or economic conditions dictate.

• Net metering

  Net metering allows residential and commercial customers who generate their own electricity from solar power to sell the electricity they aren't using back into the grid. Many states have passed net metering laws. In other states, utilities may offer net metering programs voluntarily or as a result of regulatory decisions. Differences between state legislation, regulatory decisions and implementation policies mean that the mechanism for compensating solar customers varies widely across the country.

• Net zero

  Net zero means cutting greenhouse gas emissions to as close to zero as possible, with any remaining emissions re-absorbed from the atmosphere, by oceans and forests for instance.

• Network nodes

  In a communications network, a network node is a connection point that can receive, create, store or send data.

• Off-grid renewable power and distributed generation

  Off-grid means not connected in any way to your grid's power system or utility company.

• Peer to peer approach

  Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application. They are said to form a peer-to-peer network of nodes.

• Plug and play

  Plug and play devices are devices that work with a computer system as soon as they are connected meaning that the user does not have to manually install drivers for the device or even tell the computer that a new device has been added.

• Prosumers

  A prosumer is an individual who both consumes and produces. The term is a portmanteau of the words producer and consumer.

• ROI

  Return on Investment (ROI) is a performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency or profitability of an investment or compare the efficiency of a number of different investments.

• Satellite imagery data

  Satellite images are images of Earth collected by imaging satellites operated by governments and businesses around the world. Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google Maps.

• Scalability

  Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to the system. In an economic context, a scalable business model implies that a company can increase sales given increased resources.

• Secure IP

  IP provides a standard set of rules for sending and receiving data over the Internet.

• Bandwidth management

  Bandwidth management is the process of measuring and controlling the communications (traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link, which would result in network congestion and poor performance of the network.

• Solar panels

  A solar panel is a collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells, which can be used to generate electricity through photovoltaic effect.

• Solar PV

  Photovoltaics is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially utilized for electricity generation and as photosensors.

• Storage batteries

  A rechargeable battery, storage battery, or secondary cell, is a type of electrical battery which can be charged, discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use.

• Structures for multiprocessing

  Multiprocessing is the use of two or more central processing units within a single computer system. The term also refers to the ability of a system to support more than one processor or the ability to allocate tasks between them.

• Sub-transmission lines

  Sub-transmission is part of an electric power transmission system that runs at relatively lower voltages. It is uneconomical to connect all distribution substations to the high main transmission voltage, because the equipment is larger and more expensive. Typically, only larger substations connect with this high voltage. It is stepped down and sent to smaller substations in towns and neighborhoods.

• Traceability

  Traceability is the capability to trace something. In some cases, it is interpreted as the ability to verify the history, location, or application of an item by means of documented recorded identification.

• Track & Trace

  In the distribution and logistics of many types of products, track and trace or tracking and tracing, concerns a process of determining the current and past locations of a unique item or property.

• Transactive energy approach

  Transactive energy (TE) can be defined as “a system of economic and control mechanisms that allows the dynamic balance of supply and demand across the entire electrical infrastructure using value as a key operational parameter.

• Transformer

  A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits.

• Transformer overload

  Transformer, having a core of magnetic material, begins to “saturate” the core material

• Transmission line

  In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to conduct electromagnetic waves in a contained manner. The term applies when the conductors are long enough that the wave nature of the transmission must be taken into account.

• Utilities

  An electric utility is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility) that engages in electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. The electrical utility industry is a major provider of energy in most countries.

• Zero Emission Electric Mobility

  Zero Emission Electric Mobility is a highly adaptable system that employs artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT) to ensure that charging requirements are primarily met with renewable energy from these hybrid microgrids, thereby providing 100% clean energy e-mobility. This also prevents additional load which electric vehicle supply equipment would exert on power distribution transformers that feed fuel stations. As a result, clean energy e-mobility can be accommodated without the need for additional investments in grid infrastructure.

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